An invitation to modern number theory Steven J. Miller and Ramin Takloo-Bighash

Literaturverz. S. [476] - 496

In a manner accessible to beginning undergraduates, An Invitation to Modern Number Theory introduces many of the central problems, conjectures, results, and techniques of the field, such as the Riemann Hypothesis, Roth's Theorem, the Circle Method, and Random Matrix Theory. Showing how experiments are used to test conjectures and prove theorems, the book allows students to do original work on such problems, often using little more than calculus (though there are numerous remarks for those with deeper backgrounds). It shows students what number theory theorems are used for and what led to them and suggests problems for further research. Steven Miller and Ramin Takloo-Bighash introduce the problems and the computational skills required to numerically investigate them, providing background material (from probability to statistics to Fourier analysis) whenever necessary. They guide students through a variety of problems, ranging from basic number theory, cryptography, and Goldbach's Problem, to the algebraic structures of numbers and continued fractions, showing connections between these subjects and encouraging students to study them further. In addition, this is the first undergraduate book to explore Random Matrix Theory, which has recently become a powerful tool for predicting answers in number theory. Providing exercises, references to the background literature, and Web links to previous student research projects, An Invitation to Modern Number Theory can be used to teach a research seminar or a lecture class

PART 1. BASIC NUMBER THEORY -- 1. Mod p Arithmetic, Group Theory and Cryptography -- 2. Arithmetic Functions -- 3. Zeta and L-Functions -- 4. Solutions to Diophantine Equations -- PART 2. CONTINUED FRACTIONS AND APPROXIMATIONS -- 5. Algebraic and Transcendental Numbers -- 6. The Proof of Roth's Theorem -- 7. Introduction to Continued Fractions -- PART 3. PROBABILISTIC METHODS AND EQUIDISTRIBUTION -- 8. Introduction to Probability -- 9. Applications of Probability: Benford's Law and Hypothesis Testing -- 10. Distribution of Digits of Continued Fractions -- 11. Introduction to Fourier Analysis -- 12. f n k g and Poissonian Behavior -- PART 4. THE CIRCLE METHOD -- 13. Introduction to the Circle Method -- 14. Circle Method: Heuristics for Germain Primes -- PART 5. RANDOM MATRIX THEORY AND L-FUNCTIONS -- 15. From Nuclear Physics to L-Functions -- 16. Random Matrix Theory: Eigenvalue Densities -- 17. Random Matrix Theory: Spacings between Adjacent Eigenvalues -- 18. The Explicit Formula and Density Conjectures -- Appendix A. Analysis Review -- Appendix B. Linear Algebra Review -- Appendix C. Hints and Remarks on the Exercises -- Appendix D. Concluding Remarks

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